95 terms
A
- AATO
- Aggregate annual turnover: GST turnover of all GSTINs on one PAN for the year. It decides e-invoicing, the GSTR-9C requirement and GSTR-3B timing. E-invoice checker →
- AD bank
- Authorised Dealer Category-I bank licensed by RBI to handle foreign exchange; it monitors your EDPMS and IDPMS entries and reports FEMA transactions. EDPMS and IDPMS guide →
- Advance tax
- Income tax paid in instalments during the tax year: 15%, 45%, 75% and 100% by 15 June, September, December and March. Shortfall attracts interest under s.425 [234C]. Advance tax interest calculator →
- AIS
- Annual Information Statement on the income-tax portal: the department's record of your reported income, TDS and high-value transactions.
- Anchor investor
- A qualified institutional buyer allotted shares a day before a book-built issue opens, with a lock-in. Common in main-board IPOs; possible in SME issues.
- ASMT-10
- GST form in which the officer lists discrepancies found on scrutiny of returns under s.61. Reply in ASMT-11; closure in ASMT-12. ASMT-10 reply guide →
B
- Bank guarantee (BG)
- A bank's undertaking to pay a beneficiary if the customer fails to perform. Tenders use bid-security and performance guarantees; banks charge commission and usually take margin. BG cost calculator →
- BoE
- Bill of entry: the customs declaration for imported goods. It creates the IDPMS entry and carries the IGST paid on import. IDPMS guide →
- Book building
- Price discovery in an IPO within a price band, with allotment at the price set after bids close.
- Borrowing limit (s.180)
- Board needs a special resolution to borrow above paid-up capital, free reserves and securities premium; applies to public companies. Borrowing and investment limits →
- Break-even
- Sales level at which contribution covers fixed costs, so profit is nil. Break-even calculator →
- BRS
- Bank reconciliation statement: matches the bank ledger in the books with the bank statement, listing items in transit.
- BRSR
- Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report under LODR Reg 34(2)(f). Applies to the top 1,000 listed companies by market cap, so not in practice to SME-listed companies. SEBI for SME-listed companies →
C
- CARO
- Companies (Auditor's Report) Order 2020: matters the statutory auditor must report on, such as fixed assets, inventory, loans and statutory dues.
- Caution list
- RBI list of exporters with long-outstanding export proceeds; listed exporters can ship only against advance payment or an irrevocable letter of credit. Caution listing →
- CC limit
- Cash credit: a running working-capital facility secured on stock and receivables, drawn up to the drawing power. Drawing power calculator →
- CFO
- Cash flow from operations: cash generated by the business before investing and financing flows. Also used for the Chief Financial Officer, a KMP.
- CIN
- Corporate Identity Number given by the Registrar of Companies; it encodes listing status, state, year and type.
- CSR
- Corporate social responsibility under s.135 of the Companies Act: 2% of average net profit for companies above the net-worth, turnover or profit thresholds. CSR calculator →
- Customs duty
- Basic customs duty, social welfare surcharge and IGST levied on imports; IGST is creditable as ITC. Customs duty calculator →
- CWIP
- Capital work in progress: cost of assets under construction or installation, capitalised when ready for use. Schedule III requires an ageing. Depreciation calculator →
D
- DIN
- Document Identification Number on income-tax and CBIC communications; verify it before replying. Also the Director Identification Number issued by MCA. Notice guides →
- DPT-3
- Annual MCA return of deposits and outstanding receipts not treated as deposits, due 30 June. Compliance chart →
- DRC-01A
- GST pre-show-cause intimation of tax ascertained. Optional for the officer since October 2024; paying at this stage avoids penalty in non-fraud cases. Other notices →
- DRC-03
- GST form for voluntary payment of tax, interest or penalty, used to pay amounts accepted in a scrutiny or audit. Paying after ASMT-10 →
- DRHP
- Draft red herring prospectus: the draft offer document. For SME issues it is filed with the exchange and opened for 21 days of public comments. SME IPO readiness →
- DSCR
- Debt service coverage ratio: cash available for debt service divided by principal and interest due. Lenders commonly look for 1.25 or more. DSCR calculator →
E
- E-invoice
- Invoice reported to the GST Invoice Registration Portal and issued with an IRN and QR code; mandatory above the notified AATO. E-invoice checker →
- E-way bill
- Electronic document for movement of goods above the threshold value, generated on the EWB portal; mismatches with GSTR-1 often trigger scrutiny. E-way bill checker →
- eBRC
- Electronic bank realisation certificate generated on the DGFT platform from bank data, used as proof of export realisation for incentives and GST refunds.
- ECB
- External commercial borrowing: a loan from a non-resident lender under FEMA, subject to eligibility, end-use and cost limits, reported monthly in ECB-2. FEMA filing dates →
- EDF
- Export declaration form; from 1 October 2026 service exporters file it within 30 days from the end of the invoice month.
- EDPMS
- Export Data Processing and Monitoring System: RBI database in which each shipping bill stays open until the AD bank links the export proceeds. EDPMS guide →
- EMI
- Equated monthly instalment repaying a loan's principal and interest. EMI calculator →
F
- FC-GPR
- FEMA report of shares issued to a foreign investor, filed on the FIRMS portal within 30 days of allotment. FEMA filing dates →
- FCFE
- Free cash flow to equity. NSE Emerge requires it to be positive in 2 of 3 years, on the formula revised in April 2026. Eligibility tests →
- FIRC
- Foreign inward remittance certificate issued by a bank. In EDPMS the bank reports the remittance as an IRM.
- FLA return
- Annual return on foreign liabilities and assets filed with RBI by 15 July by entities with FDI or ODI. FEMA filing dates →
- Form 145 / 146
- Income-tax Act 2025 forms for foreign remittances: Form 145 [15CA] by the remitter, Form 146 [15CB] the accountant's certificate. Form 145/146 checker →
G
- GCP
- General corporate purposes: unspecified use of IPO proceeds. For SME issues capped at the lower of 15% of the issue or ₹10 crore. Issue structure rules →
- Gratuity
- Lump sum payable under the Payment of Gratuity Act at 15 days' wages per year of service after 5 years; a defined-benefit obligation valued actuarially under AS 15 or Ind AS 19. Gratuity calculator →
- GSTR-1
- Monthly or quarterly GST return of outward supplies. Compliance chart →
- GSTR-2B
- Static monthly statement of input tax credit available from suppliers' filed returns; the base for ITC in GSTR-3B. GSTR-2B reconciliation →
- GSTR-3B
- Monthly or quarterly GST summary return in which tax is paid and ITC claimed. GST late fee and interest →
- GSTR-9 / 9C
- GST annual return, and the self-certified reconciliation statement for larger taxpayers.
I
- ICDR
- SEBI (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations 2018. Chapter IX governs SME issues. SME IPO readiness →
- IDPMS
- Import Data Processing and Monitoring System: RBI database in which each bill of entry stays open until matched with the payment. IDPMS guide →
- IEC
- Importer Exporter Code issued by DGFT, the PAN-linked identifier for import and export.
- IMS
- Invoice Management System on the GST portal: the buyer accepts, rejects or keeps pending each supplier invoice before GSTR-2B is finalised. GSTR-2B reconciliation →
- Ind AS
- Indian Accounting Standards converged with IFRS. Companies listed on an SME exchange are exempt and may follow the older Accounting Standards.
- Integrated Filing
- Combined quarterly exchange filing (Governance and Financial) introduced in 2025, replacing several separate LODR filings. Periodic filings →
- IRP
- Invoice Registration Portal for e-invoices. In insolvency, IRP also means the interim resolution professional.
- ISIN
- International Securities Identification Number allotted by the depositories to each class of security; needed before shares can be held in demat. Conversion and demat →
- ITC
- Input tax credit: GST paid on purchases set off against output tax, subject to s.16 conditions and s.17(5) blocks. ITC reversal calculator →
K
- KMP
- Key managerial personnel under s.203: MD, CEO or manager, whole-time director, company secretary and CFO. Companies Act guide →
L
- LC
- Letter of credit: a bank's undertaking to pay the seller against compliant documents.
- LEI
- Legal Entity Identifier, required by RBI for large borrowers and for cross-border transactions above the specified amount.
- LODR
- SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations 2015. SME-listed companies get exemptions under Reg 15(2). SEBI for SME-listed companies →
- LSF
- Late submission fee paid to regularise a delayed FEMA report (such as FC-GPR or FLA) instead of compounding. FEMA filing dates →
M
- Market maker
- Broker obliged to quote two-way prices in an SME scrip. Compulsory for 3 years from listing. SME market rules →
- MBP-1
- Director's annual disclosure of interest in other entities, given at the first board meeting of each financial year.
- MGT-7
- Annual return of a company filed with the RoC within 60 days of the AGM. ROC filing fee calculator →
- MPBF
- Maximum permissible bank finance: the working-capital limit a bank will sanction, traditionally 75% of the working-capital gap. Working capital calculator →
- MPC
- Minimum promoters' contribution: 20% of post-issue capital, locked in for 3 years. Lock-in rules →
- MSME 45-day rule
- Payments to micro and small suppliers are due within 45 days of acceptance; late payment carries interest and is deductible only when paid under s.37(2)(g). MSME payment tracker →
- MSME-1
- Half-yearly MCA return of dues to micro and small enterprises outstanding beyond 45 days. MSME-1 →
N
- NTA
- Net tangible assets. BSE SME requires at least ₹3 crore in the last full year. SME IPO eligibility checker →
O
- ODI
- Overseas direct investment by an Indian entity under the FEMA (Overseas Investment) rules, reported through the AD bank. FEMA filing dates →
- OFS
- Offer for sale: existing shareholders sell in the IPO. In SME issues capped at 20% of the issue and 50% of each seller's holding. Issue structure rules →
P
- PAS-3
- Return of allotment of shares filed with the RoC. Event-based forms →
- PBC list
- Provided-by-client list: schedules and documents the auditor needs from the company to complete the audit. Period-close checklist →
- PIT
- SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations 2015: codes of conduct, trading window and disclosures for listed companies. Day-one set-up →
R
- RCM
- Reverse charge mechanism: the recipient pays GST instead of the supplier on notified supplies such as GTA, legal services and import of services. RCM checker →
- Reg 30
- LODR regulation requiring disclosure of material events to the exchange, generally within 24 hours. Event-based disclosures →
- Reg 33
- LODR regulation on financial results; SME-listed companies file half-yearly within 45 days and annual within 60 days. Periodic filings →
- Restated financials
- Financial statements for the offer document, restated for the ICDR periods with adjustments for errors and policy changes, examined by a peer-reviewed auditor. Lesson 3 →
- RHP
- Red herring prospectus: the offer document filed with the RoC before the issue, without the final price. IPO process →
- RoC
- Registrar of Companies, the MCA office that registers companies and receives filings.
- RPT
- Related party transaction, governed by s.188 of the Companies Act and, for larger SME-listed companies, LODR Reg 23. Reg 23 for SMEs →
S
- s.37(2)(g)
- Income-tax Act 2025 provision [43B(h)] allowing payments to micro and small enterprises only in the year paid, if paid late. MSME tax disallowance →
- s.393
- Income-tax Act 2025 section for TDS on payments other than salary, replacing the 194-series sections of the 1961 Act. TDS code finder →
- SAST
- SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations 2011: disclosures at 5% and every 2% change, and the open-offer triggers. Event-based disclosures →
- SCORES
- SEBI's online investor complaints system; listed companies must register and resolve complaints within 21 days. Day-one set-up →
- SDD
- Structured digital database of persons with whom UPSI was shared, required under PIT Reg 3(5). Day-one set-up →
- SFT
- Statement of financial transactions filed by specified entities reporting high-value transactions to the income-tax department.
- Small company
- Private company with paid-up capital up to ₹10 crore and turnover up to ₹100 crore (from December 2025). A listed company can never be one. Companies Act applicability →
- SOFTEX
- Former form for software exports, replaced by the EDF from 1 October 2026.
T
- Tax audit
- Audit under the Income-tax Act, reported in Form 26 [3CA/3CD], for businesses above the turnover threshold.
- Tax year
- The Income-tax Act 2025 term for the financial year in which income is earned, replacing previous year and assessment year. Income tax regime calculator →
- TDS
- Tax deducted at source: tax withheld by the payer and deposited with the government, reported in quarterly statements. TDS interest calculator →
- TReDS
- Trade Receivables Discounting System: platforms where MSME invoices on large buyers are financed. Companies with turnover above ₹250 crore must register. TReDS →
U
- Udyam
- Registration of micro, small and medium enterprises on the Udyam portal; the supplier's Udyam certificate decides MSMED Act protection. Who is an MSME →
- UPSI
- Unpublished price sensitive information about a listed company or its securities; trading while holding it is prohibited. Insider trading →
W
- Working capital gap
- Current assets less current liabilities other than bank borrowings; the base for working-capital limits. Working capital calculator →
X
- XBRL
- Machine-readable reporting format used for financial statements filed with MCA (AOC-4 XBRL) and for exchange filings.
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